Areas where there is a higher risk of bribery occurring in higher education institutions can include:
● Procurement and tender exercises
● Negotiating contracts and commissions
● Failing to exercise adequate oversight of the operation of joint ventures and subsidiaries
● Dealing with agents, associates, consultants, intermediaries and partners
● Making and receiving donations or sponsorships
Areas where there is a risk of fraud occurring in higher education institutions can include:
● Fraud involving cash or physical assets
● Fraud involving confidential information
● Procurement and payment fraud
● Academic fraud including admissions, examinations, awards and research
● Reference and qualification fraud
Further information and examples can be found within the relevant Anti-Bribery and Anti-Fraud Policies.